Try using perf tool

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
     - NodeJS:
       - CHANGED: Use node-api instead of NAN. [#6452](https://github.com/Project-OSRM/osrm-backend/pull/6452)
     - Misc:
+      - CHANGED: Optimise encodePolyline function. [#6940](https://github.com/Project-OSRM/osrm-backend/pull/6940)
+      - CHANGED: Avoid reallocations in base64 encoding. [#6951](https://github.com/Project-OSRM/osrm-backend/pull/6951)
       - CHANGED: Get rid of unused Boost dependencies. [#6960](https://github.com/Project-OSRM/osrm-backend/pull/6960)
       - CHANGED: Apply micro-optimisation for Table & Trip APIs. [#6949](https://github.com/Project-OSRM/osrm-backend/pull/6949)
       - CHANGED: Apply micro-optimisation for Route API. [#6948](https://github.com/Project-OSRM/osrm-backend/pull/6948)

include/engine/base64.hpp

@@ -47,24 +47,29 @@ namespace engine
 // Encodes a chunk of memory to Base64.
 inline std::string encodeBase64(const unsigned char *first, std::size_t size)
 {
-    std::vector<unsigned char> bytes{first, first + size};
+    BOOST_ASSERT(size > 0);
-    BOOST_ASSERT(!bytes.empty());
 
-    std::size_t bytes_to_pad{0};
+    std::string encoded;
+    encoded.reserve(((size + 2) / 3) * 4);
 
-    while (bytes.size() % 3 != 0)
+    auto padding = (3 - size % 3) % 3;
+
+    BOOST_ASSERT(padding == 0 || padding == 1 || padding == 2);
+
+    for (auto itr = detail::Base64FromBinary(first); itr != detail::Base64FromBinary(first + size);
+         ++itr)
     {
-        bytes_to_pad += 1;
+        encoded.push_back(*itr);
-        bytes.push_back(0);
     }
 
-    BOOST_ASSERT(bytes_to_pad == 0 || bytes_to_pad == 1 || bytes_to_pad == 2);
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < padding; ++index)
-    BOOST_ASSERT_MSG(0 == bytes.size() % 3, "base64 input data size is not a multiple of 3");
+    {
+        encoded.push_back('=');
+    }
 
-    std::string encoded{detail::Base64FromBinary{bytes.data()},
+    BOOST_ASSERT(encoded.size() == (size + 2) / 3 * 4);
-                        detail::Base64FromBinary{bytes.data() + (bytes.size() - bytes_to_pad)}};
 
-    return encoded.append(bytes_to_pad, '=');
+    return encoded;
 }
 
 // C++11 standard 3.9.1/1: Plain char, signed char, and unsigned char are three distinct types

include/engine/polyline_compressor.hpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace osrm::engine
 {
 namespace detail
 {
-std::string encode(std::vector<int> &numbers);
+void encode(int number_to_encode, std::string &output);
 std::int32_t decode_polyline_integer(std::string::const_iterator &first,
                                      std::string::const_iterator last);
 } // namespace detail
@@ -30,27 +30,24 @@ std::string encodePolyline(CoordVectorForwardIter begin, CoordVectorForwardIter
         return {};
     }
 
-    std::vector<int> delta_numbers;
+    std::string output;
-    BOOST_ASSERT(size > 0);
+    // just a guess that we will need ~4 bytes per coordinate to avoid reallocations
-    delta_numbers.reserve((size - 1) * 2);
+    output.reserve(size * 4);
+
     int current_lat = 0;
     int current_lon = 0;
-    std::for_each(
+    for (auto it = begin; it != end; ++it)
-        begin,
-        end,
-        [&delta_numbers, &current_lat, &current_lon, coordinate_to_polyline](
-            const util::Coordinate loc)
     {
         const int lat_diff =
-                std::round(static_cast<int>(loc.lat) * coordinate_to_polyline) - current_lat;
+            std::round(static_cast<int>(it->lat) * coordinate_to_polyline) - current_lat;
         const int lon_diff =
-                std::round(static_cast<int>(loc.lon) * coordinate_to_polyline) - current_lon;
+            std::round(static_cast<int>(it->lon) * coordinate_to_polyline) - current_lon;
-            delta_numbers.emplace_back(lat_diff);
+        detail::encode(lat_diff, output);
-            delta_numbers.emplace_back(lon_diff);
+        detail::encode(lon_diff, output);
         current_lat += lat_diff;
         current_lon += lon_diff;
-        });
+    }
-    return detail::encode(delta_numbers);
+    return output;
 }
 
 // Decodes geometry from polyline format

scripts/ci/run_benchmarks.sh

@@ -54,67 +54,67 @@ function run_benchmarks_for_folder {
 
     BENCHMARKS_FOLDER="$BINARIES_FOLDER/src/benchmarks"
     echo "Running match-bench MLD"
-    $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/match-bench "$FOLDER/test/data/mld/monaco.osrm" mld > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/match_mld.bench"
+    perf stat -r 1 $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/match-bench "$FOLDER/test/data/mld/monaco.osrm" mld #> "$RESULTS_FOLDER/match_mld.bench"
-    echo "Running match-bench CH"
+    # echo "Running match-bench CH"
-    $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/match-bench "$FOLDER/test/data/ch/monaco.osrm" ch > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/match_ch.bench"
+    # $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/match-bench "$FOLDER/test/data/ch/monaco.osrm" ch > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/match_ch.bench"
-    echo "Running route-bench MLD"
+    # echo "Running route-bench MLD"
-    $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/route-bench "$FOLDER/test/data/mld/monaco.osrm" mld > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/route_mld.bench"
+    # $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/route-bench "$FOLDER/test/data/mld/monaco.osrm" mld > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/route_mld.bench"
-    echo "Running route-bench CH"
+    # echo "Running route-bench CH"
-    $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/route-bench "$FOLDER/test/data/ch/monaco.osrm" ch > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/route_ch.bench"
+    # $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/route-bench "$FOLDER/test/data/ch/monaco.osrm" ch > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/route_ch.bench"
-    echo "Running alias"
+    # echo "Running alias"
-    $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/alias-bench > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/alias.bench"
+    # $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/alias-bench > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/alias.bench"
-    echo "Running json-render-bench"
+    # echo "Running json-render-bench"
-    $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/json-render-bench  "$FOLDER/src/benchmarks/portugal_to_korea.json" > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/json-render.bench"
+    # $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/json-render-bench  "$FOLDER/test/data/portugal_to_korea.json" > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/json-render.bench"
-    echo "Running packedvector-bench"
+    # echo "Running packedvector-bench"
-    $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/packedvector-bench > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/packedvector.bench"
+    # $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/packedvector-bench > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/packedvector.bench"
-    echo "Running rtree-bench"
+    # echo "Running rtree-bench"
-    $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/rtree-bench "$FOLDER/test/data/monaco.osrm.ramIndex" "$FOLDER/test/data/monaco.osrm.fileIndex" "$FOLDER/test/data/monaco.osrm.nbg_nodes" > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/rtree.bench"
+    # $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/rtree-bench "$FOLDER/test/data/monaco.osrm.ramIndex" "$FOLDER/test/data/monaco.osrm.fileIndex" "$FOLDER/test/data/monaco.osrm.nbg_nodes" > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/rtree.bench"
 
-    cp -rf $OSM_PBF $FOLDER/data.osm.pbf
+    # cp -rf $OSM_PBF $FOLDER/data.osm.pbf
 
-    echo "Running osrm-extract"
+    # echo "Running osrm-extract"
-    measure_peak_ram_and_time "$BINARIES_FOLDER/osrm-extract -p $FOLDER/profiles/car.lua $FOLDER/data.osm.pbf" "$RESULTS_FOLDER/osrm_extract.bench"
+    # measure_peak_ram_and_time "$BINARIES_FOLDER/osrm-extract -p $FOLDER/profiles/car.lua $FOLDER/data.osm.pbf" "$RESULTS_FOLDER/osrm_extract.bench"
-    echo "Running osrm-partition"
+    # echo "Running osrm-partition"
-    measure_peak_ram_and_time "$BINARIES_FOLDER/osrm-partition $FOLDER/data.osrm" "$RESULTS_FOLDER/osrm_partition.bench"
+    # measure_peak_ram_and_time "$BINARIES_FOLDER/osrm-partition $FOLDER/data.osrm" "$RESULTS_FOLDER/osrm_partition.bench"
-    echo "Running osrm-customize"
+    # echo "Running osrm-customize"
-    measure_peak_ram_and_time "$BINARIES_FOLDER/osrm-customize $FOLDER/data.osrm" "$RESULTS_FOLDER/osrm_customize.bench"
+    # measure_peak_ram_and_time "$BINARIES_FOLDER/osrm-customize $FOLDER/data.osrm" "$RESULTS_FOLDER/osrm_customize.bench"
-    echo "Running osrm-contract"
+    # echo "Running osrm-contract"
-    measure_peak_ram_and_time "$BINARIES_FOLDER/osrm-contract $FOLDER/data.osrm" "$RESULTS_FOLDER/osrm_contract.bench"
+    # measure_peak_ram_and_time "$BINARIES_FOLDER/osrm-contract $FOLDER/data.osrm" "$RESULTS_FOLDER/osrm_contract.bench"
 
-    for ALGORITHM in ch mld; do
+    # for ALGORITHM in ch mld; do
-        for BENCH in nearest table trip route match; do
+    #     for BENCH in nearest table trip route match; do
-            echo "Running random $BENCH $ALGORITHM"
+    #         echo "Running random $BENCH $ALGORITHM"
-            START=$(date +%s.%N)
+    #         START=$(date +%s.%N)
-            $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/bench "$FOLDER/data.osrm" $ALGORITHM $GPS_TRACES ${BENCH} > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/random_${BENCH}_${ALGORITHM}.bench" 5 || true
+    #         $BENCHMARKS_FOLDER/bench "$FOLDER/data.osrm" $ALGORITHM $GPS_TRACES ${BENCH} > "$RESULTS_FOLDER/random_${BENCH}_${ALGORITHM}.bench" 5 || true
-            END=$(date +%s.%N)
+    #         END=$(date +%s.%N)
-            DIFF=$(echo "$END - $START" | bc)
+    #         DIFF=$(echo "$END - $START" | bc)
-            echo "Took: ${DIFF}s"
+    #         echo "Took: ${DIFF}s"
-        done
+    #     done
-    done
+    # done
 
 
-    for ALGORITHM in ch mld; do
+    # for ALGORITHM in ch mld; do
-        $BINARIES_FOLDER/osrm-routed --algorithm $ALGORITHM $FOLDER/data.osrm > /dev/null 2>&1 &
+    #     $BINARIES_FOLDER/osrm-routed --algorithm $ALGORITHM $FOLDER/data.osrm > /dev/null 2>&1 &
-        OSRM_ROUTED_PID=$!
+    #     OSRM_ROUTED_PID=$!
 
-        # wait for osrm-routed to start
+    #     # wait for osrm-routed to start
-        if ! curl --retry-delay 3 --retry 10 --retry-all-errors "http://127.0.0.1:5000/route/v1/driving/13.388860,52.517037;13.385983,52.496891?steps=true" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+    #     if ! curl --retry-delay 3 --retry 10 --retry-all-errors "http://127.0.0.1:5000/route/v1/driving/13.388860,52.517037;13.385983,52.496891?steps=true" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-            echo "osrm-routed failed to start for algorithm $ALGORITHM"
+    #         echo "osrm-routed failed to start for algorithm $ALGORITHM"
-            kill -9 $OSRM_ROUTED_PID
+    #         kill -9 $OSRM_ROUTED_PID
-            continue
+    #         continue
-        fi
+    #     fi
 
-        for METHOD in route nearest trip table match; do
+    #     for METHOD in route nearest trip table match; do
-            echo "Running e2e benchmark for $METHOD $ALGORITHM"
+    #         echo "Running e2e benchmark for $METHOD $ALGORITHM"
-            START=$(date +%s.%N)
+    #         START=$(date +%s.%N)
-            python3 $SCRIPTS_FOLDER/scripts/ci/e2e_benchmark.py --host http://localhost:5000 --method $METHOD --iterations 5 --num_requests 1000 --gps_traces_file_path $GPS_TRACES > $RESULTS_FOLDER/e2e_${METHOD}_${ALGORITHM}.bench
+    #         python3 $SCRIPTS_FOLDER/scripts/ci/e2e_benchmark.py --host http://localhost:5000 --method $METHOD --iterations 5 --num_requests 1000 --gps_traces_file_path $GPS_TRACES > $RESULTS_FOLDER/e2e_${METHOD}_${ALGORITHM}.bench
-            END=$(date +%s.%N)
+    #         END=$(date +%s.%N)
-            DIFF=$(echo "$END - $START" | bc)
+    #         DIFF=$(echo "$END - $START" | bc)
-            echo "Took: ${DIFF}s"
+    #         echo "Took: ${DIFF}s"
-        done
+    #     done
 
-        kill -9 $OSRM_ROUTED_PID
+    #     kill -9 $OSRM_ROUTED_PID
-    done
+    # done
 }
 
 run_benchmarks_for_folder

src/engine/polyline_compressor.cpp

@@ -10,9 +10,19 @@
 namespace osrm::engine::detail // anonymous to keep TU local
 {
 
-std::string encode(int number_to_encode)
+void encode(int number_to_encode, std::string &output)
 {
-    std::string output;
+    if (number_to_encode < 0)
+    {
+        const unsigned binary = std::llabs(number_to_encode);
+        const unsigned twos = (~binary) + 1u;
+        const unsigned shl = twos << 1u;
+        number_to_encode = static_cast<int>(~shl);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        number_to_encode <<= 1u;
+    }
     while (number_to_encode >= 0x20)
     {
         const int next_value = (0x20 | (number_to_encode & 0x1f)) + 63;
@@ -22,31 +32,6 @@ std::string encode(int number_to_encode)
 
     number_to_encode += 63;
     output += static_cast<char>(number_to_encode);
-    return output;
-}
-
-std::string encode(std::vector<int> &numbers)
-{
-    std::string output;
-    for (auto &number : numbers)
-    {
-        if (number < 0)
-        {
-            const unsigned binary = std::llabs(number);
-            const unsigned twos = (~binary) + 1u;
-            const unsigned shl = twos << 1u;
-            number = static_cast<int>(~shl);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            number <<= 1u;
-        }
-    }
-    for (const int number : numbers)
-    {
-        output += encode(number);
-    }
-    return output;
 }
 
 // https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/utilities/polylinealgorithm

src/extractor/scripting_environment_lua.cpp

@@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@ void Sol2ScriptingEnvironment::ProcessSegment(ExtractionSegment &segment)
 
     if (context.has_segment_function)
     {
-        std::optional<sol::protected_function_result> luares;
+        sol::protected_function_result luares;
         switch (context.api_version)
         {
         case 4:
@@ -1274,8 +1274,8 @@ void Sol2ScriptingEnvironment::ProcessSegment(ExtractionSegment &segment)
             break;
         }
 
-        if (luares && !luares->valid())
+        if (!luares.valid())
-            handle_lua_error(*luares);
+            handle_lua_error(luares);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ void LuaScriptingContext::ProcessNode(const osmium::Node &node,
 {
     BOOST_ASSERT(state.lua_state() != nullptr);
 
-    std::optional<sol::protected_function_result> luares;
+    sol::protected_function_result luares;
 
     // TODO check for api version, make sure luares is always set
     switch (api_version)
@@ -1302,12 +1302,10 @@ void LuaScriptingContext::ProcessNode(const osmium::Node &node,
     case 0:
         luares = node_function(std::cref(node), std::ref(result));
         break;
-    default:
-        BOOST_ASSERT(false && "Invalid API version");
     }
 
-    if (luares && !luares->valid())
+    if (!luares.valid())
-        handle_lua_error(*luares);
+        handle_lua_error(luares);
 }
 
 void LuaScriptingContext::ProcessWay(const osmium::Way &way,
@@ -1316,7 +1314,7 @@ void LuaScriptingContext::ProcessWay(const osmium::Way &way,
 {
     BOOST_ASSERT(state.lua_state() != nullptr);
 
-    std::optional<sol::protected_function_result> luares;
+    sol::protected_function_result luares;
 
     // TODO check for api version, make sure luares is always set
     switch (api_version)
@@ -1333,12 +1331,10 @@ void LuaScriptingContext::ProcessWay(const osmium::Way &way,
     case 0:
         luares = way_function(std::cref(way), std::ref(result));
         break;
-    default:
-        BOOST_ASSERT(false && "Invalid API version");
     }
 
-    if (luares && !luares->valid())
+    if (!luares.valid())
-        handle_lua_error(*luares);
+        handle_lua_error(luares);
 }
 
 } // namespace osrm::extractor

unit_tests/engine/base64.cpp

@@ -74,4 +74,98 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(hint_encoding_decoding_roundtrip_bytewise)
                            reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&decoded)));
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(long_string_encoding)
+{
+    using namespace osrm::engine;
+    std::string long_string(1000, 'A'); // String of 1000 'A's
+    std::string encoded = encodeBase64(long_string);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decodeBase64(encoded), long_string);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(invalid_base64_decoding)
+{
+    using namespace osrm::engine;
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(decodeBase64("Invalid!"), std::exception);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(hint_serialization_size)
+{
+    using namespace osrm::engine;
+    using namespace osrm::util;
+
+    const Coordinate coordinate;
+    const PhantomNode phantom;
+    const osrm::test::MockDataFacade<osrm::engine::routing_algorithms::ch::Algorithm> facade{};
+
+    const SegmentHint hint{phantom, facade.GetCheckSum()};
+    const auto base64 = hint.ToBase64();
+
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(base64.size(), 112);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(extended_roundtrip_tests)
+{
+    using namespace osrm::engine;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> test_strings = {
+        "Hello, World!",                    // Simple ASCII string
+        "1234567890",                       // Numeric string
+        "!@#$%^&*()_+",                     // Special characters
+        std::string(1000, 'A'),             // Long repeating string
+        "¡Hola, mundo!",                    // Non-ASCII characters
+        "こんにちは、世界！",               // Unicode characters
+        std::string("\x00\x01\x02\x03", 4), // Binary data
+        "a",                                // Single character
+        "ab",                               // Two characters
+        "abc",                              // Three characters (no padding in Base64)
+        std::string(190, 'x')               // String that doesn't align with Base64 padding
+    };
+
+    for (const auto &test_str : test_strings)
+    {
+        std::string encoded = encodeBase64(test_str);
+        std::string decoded = decodeBase64(encoded);
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded, test_str);
+
+        // Additional checks
+        BOOST_CHECK(encoded.find_first_not_of(
+                        "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=") ==
+                    std::string::npos);
+        if (test_str.length() % 3 != 0)
+        {
+            BOOST_CHECK(encoded.back() == '=');
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(roundtrip_with_url_safe_chars)
+{
+    using namespace osrm::engine;
+
+    std::string original = "Hello+World/Nothing?Is:Impossible";
+    std::string encoded = encodeBase64(original);
+
+    // Replace '+' with '-' and '/' with '_'
+    std::replace(encoded.begin(), encoded.end(), '+', '-');
+    std::replace(encoded.begin(), encoded.end(), '/', '_');
+
+    std::string decoded = decodeBase64(encoded);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded, original);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(roundtrip_stress_test)
+{
+    using namespace osrm::engine;
+
+    std::string test_str;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
+    {
+        test_str += static_cast<char>(i % 256);
+    }
+
+    std::string encoded = encodeBase64(test_str);
+    std::string decoded = decodeBase64(encoded);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded, test_str);
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()

unit_tests/engine/polyline_compressor.cpp

@@ -45,4 +45,96 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(polyline6_test_case)
         decodePolyline<1000000>(encodePolyline<1000000>(coords.begin(), coords.end())).begin()));
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(empty_polyline_test)
+{
+    using namespace osrm::engine;
+    using namespace osrm::util;
+
+    std::vector<Coordinate> empty_coords;
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(encodePolyline(empty_coords.begin(), empty_coords.end()), "");
+    BOOST_CHECK(decodePolyline("").empty());
+}
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(polyline_single_point_test)
+{
+    using namespace osrm::engine;
+    using namespace osrm::util;
+
+    const std::vector<Coordinate> coords({{FixedLongitude{-122414000}, FixedLatitude{37776000}}});
+
+    const std::string encoded = encodePolyline(coords.begin(), coords.end());
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(encoded, "_cqeFn~cjV");
+
+    const auto decoded = decodePolyline(encoded);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded.size(), 1);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded[0].lon, FixedLongitude{-122414000});
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded[0].lat, FixedLatitude{37776000});
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(polyline_multiple_points_test)
+{
+    using namespace osrm::engine;
+    using namespace osrm::util;
+
+    const std::vector<Coordinate> coords({{FixedLongitude{-122414000}, FixedLatitude{37776000}},
+                                          {FixedLongitude{-122420000}, FixedLatitude{37779000}},
+                                          {FixedLongitude{-122421000}, FixedLatitude{37780000}}});
+
+    const std::string encoded = encodePolyline(coords.begin(), coords.end());
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(encoded, "_cqeFn~cjVwQnd@gEfE");
+
+    const auto decoded = decodePolyline(encoded);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded.size(), 3);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < coords.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded[i].lon, coords[i].lon);
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded[i].lat, coords[i].lat);
+    }
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(polyline_large_coordinate_difference_test)
+{
+    using namespace osrm::engine;
+    using namespace osrm::util;
+
+    const std::vector<Coordinate> coords({{FixedLongitude{-179000000}, FixedLatitude{-89000000}},
+                                          {FixedLongitude{179000000}, FixedLatitude{89000000}}});
+
+    const std::string encoded = encodePolyline(coords.begin(), coords.end());
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(encoded, "~xe~O~|oca@_sl}`@_{`hcA");
+
+    const auto decoded = decodePolyline(encoded);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded.size(), 2);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < coords.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded[i].lon, coords[i].lon);
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(decoded[i].lat, coords[i].lat);
+    }
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(roundtrip)
+{
+    using namespace osrm::engine;
+    using namespace osrm::util;
+
+    {
+        const auto encoded = "_chxEn`zvN\\\\]]";
+        const auto decoded = decodePolyline(encoded);
+        const auto reencoded = encodePolyline(decoded.begin(), decoded.end());
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(encoded, reencoded);
+    }
+    {
+        const auto encoded =
+            "gcneIpgxzRcDnBoBlEHzKjBbHlG`@`IkDxIiKhKoMaLwTwHeIqHuAyGXeB~Ew@fFjAtIzExF";
+        const auto decoded = decodePolyline(encoded);
+        const auto reencoded = encodePolyline(decoded.begin(), decoded.end());
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(encoded, reencoded);
+    }
+    {
+        const auto encoded = "_p~iF~ps|U_ulLnnqC_mqNvxq`@";
+        const auto decoded = decodePolyline(encoded);
+        const auto reencoded = encodePolyline(decoded.begin(), decoded.end());
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(encoded, reencoded);
+    }
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()