diff --git a/Contractor/Prepare.cpp b/Contractor/Prepare.cpp
index 4fff40fb5..cd602dfad 100644
--- a/Contractor/Prepare.cpp
+++ b/Contractor/Prepare.cpp
@@ -134,12 +134,9 @@ int Prepare::Process(int argc, char *argv[])
 #ifdef WIN32
 #pragma message("Memory consumption on Windows can be higher due to different bit packing")
 #else
-    SimpleLogger().Write() << "sizeof(ImportEdge): " << sizeof(ImportEdge);
-    SimpleLogger().Write() << "sizeof(NodeBasedEdgeData): " << sizeof(NodeBasedEdgeData);
-    
     //TODO
-    //static_assert(sizeof(ImportEdge) == 21,
-    //              "changing ImportEdge type has influence on memory consumption!");
+    static_assert(sizeof(ImportEdge) == 20,
+                  "changing ImportEdge type has influence on memory consumption!");
 #endif
     NodeID number_of_node_based_nodes =
         readBinaryOSRMGraphFromStream(input_stream,
diff --git a/Extractor/ExtractorCallbacks.cpp b/Extractor/ExtractorCallbacks.cpp
index 798936d2e..4a175b6ab 100644
--- a/Extractor/ExtractorCallbacks.cpp
+++ b/Extractor/ExtractorCallbacks.cpp
@@ -106,14 +106,28 @@ void ExtractorCallbacks::ProcessWay(ExtractionWay &parsed_way)
         parsed_way.nameID = string_map_iterator->second;
     }
 
+    if (0 == parsed_way.travel_mode )
+    {
+        parsed_way.direction = ExtractionWay::opposite;
+    }
+
+    if (0 == parsed_way.backward_travel_mode )
+    {
+        parsed_way.direction = ExtractionWay::oneway;
+    }
+
     if (ExtractionWay::opposite == parsed_way.direction)
     {
         std::reverse(parsed_way.path.begin(), parsed_way.path.end());
         parsed_way.direction = ExtractionWay::oneway;
     }
 
-    bool split_edge = parsed_way.IsBidirectional() && parsed_way.HasDiffDirections();
-    
+    const bool split_edge =
+      (parsed_way.speed>0) && (parsed_way.travel_mode>0) &&
+      (parsed_way.backward_speed>0) && (parsed_way.backward_travel_mode>0) &&
+      ((parsed_way.speed != parsed_way.backward_speed) ||
+      (parsed_way.travel_mode != parsed_way.backward_travel_mode));
+
     for (unsigned n = 0; n < (parsed_way.path.size() - 1); ++n)
     {
         external_memory.all_edges_list.push_back(InternalExtractorEdge(
diff --git a/features/bicycle/pushing.feature b/features/bicycle/pushing.feature
index 2b238292a..5741fb1c0 100644
--- a/features/bicycle/pushing.feature
+++ b/features/bicycle/pushing.feature
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ Feature: Bike - Accessability of different way types
     Background:
         Given the profile "bicycle"
         Given the shortcuts
-            | key  | value     |
-            | bike | 49s ~20%  |
-            | foot | 121s ~20% |
+            | key  | value        |
+            | bike | 15 km/h ~20% |
+            | foot | 5 km/h ~20%  |
 
     Scenario: Bike - Pushing bikes on pedestrian-only ways
         Then routability should be
@@ -98,11 +98,11 @@ Feature: Bike - Accessability of different way types
             | cd    | primary |        |
 
         When I route I should get
-            | from | to | route    | turns                                              |
-            | a    | d  | ab,bc,cd | head,right,left,destination                        |
-            | d    | a  | cd,bc,ab | head,enter_contraflow,leave_contraflow,destination |
-            | c    | a  | bc,ab    | head,leave_contraflow,destination                  |
-            | d    | b  | cd,bc    | head,enter_contraflow,destination                  |
+            | from | to | route    | turns                       |
+            | a    | d  | ab,bc,cd | head,right,left,destination |
+            | d    | a  | cd,bc,ab | head,right,left,destination |
+            | c    | a  | bc,ab    | head,left,destination       |
+            | d    | b  | cd,bc    | head,right,destination      |
 
     @todo
     Scenario: Bike - Instructions when pushing bike on footway/pedestrian, etc.
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ Feature: Bike - Accessability of different way types
             | cd    | primary |
 
         When I route I should get
-            | from | to | route    | turns                                              |
-            | a    | d  | ab,bc,cd | head,right,left,destination                        |
-            | d    | a  | cd,bc,ab | head,enter_contraflow,leave_contraflow,destination |
-            | c    | a  | bc,ab    | head,leave_contraflow,destination                  |
-            | d    | b  | cd,bc    | head,enter_contraflow,destination                  |
+            | from | to | route    | turns                       |
+            | a    | d  | ab,bc,cd | head,right,left,destination |
+            | d    | a  | cd,bc,ab | head,right,left,destination |
+            | c    | a  | bc,ab    | head,left,destination       |
+            | d    | b  | cd,bc    | head,right,destination      |
diff --git a/features/step_definitions/routability.rb b/features/step_definitions/routability.rb
index 03336e583..1881a5c19 100644
--- a/features/step_definitions/routability.rb
+++ b/features/step_definitions/routability.rb
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ Then /^routability should be$/ do |table|
         want = shortcuts_hash[row[direction]] || row[direction]     #expand shortcuts
         case want
         when '', 'x'
-          output_row[direction] = result[direction][:status].to_s
+          output_row[direction] = result[direction][:time] ? result[direction][:status].to_s : ''
         when /^\d+s/
-          output_row[direction] = "#{result[direction][:time]}s"
+          output_row[direction] = result[direction][:time] ? "#{result[direction][:time]}s" : ''
         when /^\d+ km\/h/
-          output_row[direction] = "#{result[direction][:speed]} km/h"
+          output_row[direction] = result[direction][:speed] ? "#{result[direction][:speed]} km/h" : ''
         else
           raise "*** Unknown expectation format: #{want}"
         end
diff --git a/features/step_definitions/routing.rb b/features/step_definitions/routing.rb
index 73bd5381d..4d944f32b 100644
--- a/features/step_definitions/routing.rb
+++ b/features/step_definitions/routing.rb
@@ -104,22 +104,22 @@ When /^I route I should get$/ do |table|
             end
           end
           if table.headers.include? 'bearing'
-            got['bearing'] = bearings
+            got['bearing'] = instructions ? bearings : ''
           end
           if table.headers.include? 'compass'
-            got['compass'] = compasses
+            got['compass'] = instructions ? compasses : ''
           end
           if table.headers.include? 'turns'
-            got['turns'] = turns
+            got['turns'] = instructions ? turns : ''
           end
           if table.headers.include? 'modes'
-            got['modes'] = modes
+            got['modes'] = instructions ? modes : ''
           end
           if table.headers.include? 'times'
-            got['times'] = times
+            got['times'] = instructions ? times : ''
           end
           if table.headers.include? 'distances'
-            got['distances'] = distances
+            got['distances'] = instructions ? distances : ''
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/features/testbot/mode.feature b/features/testbot/mode.feature
index 4a4ec1ad3..ed528fe6f 100644
--- a/features/testbot/mode.feature
+++ b/features/testbot/mode.feature
@@ -157,7 +157,20 @@ Feature: Testbot - Mode flag
         | a,0,d     | ab,bc,cd | 1,3,1 |
         | d,0,a     | cd,bc,ab | 1,4,1 |
 
-    Scenario: Testbot - Modes when starting on opposite oneway
+    Scenario: Testbot - Modes when starting on forward oneway
+        Given the node map
+        | a | b |
+
+        And the ways
+        | nodes | highway | oneway |
+        | ab    | river   | yes    |
+
+        When I route I should get
+        | from | to | route | modes |
+        | a    | b  | ab    | 3     |
+        | b    | a  |       |       |
+
+    Scenario: Testbot - Modes when starting on reverse oneway
         Given the node map
         | a | b |
 
@@ -167,4 +180,5 @@ Feature: Testbot - Mode flag
 
         When I route I should get
         | from | to | route | modes |
+        | a    | b  |       |       |
         | b    | a  | ab    | 4     |
diff --git a/profiles/bicycle.lua b/profiles/bicycle.lua
index 7c20ed369..c10cd580a 100644
--- a/profiles/bicycle.lua
+++ b/profiles/bicycle.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require("lib/access")
+require("lib/maxspeed")
 
 -- Begin of globals
 barrier_whitelist = { [""] = true, ["cycle_barrier"] = true, ["bollard"] = true, ["entrance"] = true, ["cattle_grid"] = true, ["border_control"] = true, ["toll_booth"] = true, ["sally_port"] = true, ["gate"] = true, ["no"] = true }
@@ -221,115 +222,121 @@ function way_function (way)
   -- speed
   if route_speeds[route] then
     -- ferries (doesn't cover routes tagged using relations)
+    way.mode = mode_ferry
     way.direction = Way.bidirectional
     way.ignore_in_grid = true
     if durationIsValid(duration) then
       way.duration = math.max( 1, parseDuration(duration) )
     else
        way.speed = route_speeds[route]
+       way.backward_speed = route_speeds[route]
     end
   elseif railway and platform_speeds[railway] then
     -- railway platforms (old tagging scheme)
     way.speed = platform_speeds[railway]
+    way.backward_speed = platform_speeds[railway]
   elseif platform_speeds[public_transport] then
     -- public_transport platforms (new tagging platform)
     way.speed = platform_speeds[public_transport]
+    way.backward_speed = platform_speeds[public_transport]
     elseif railway and railway_speeds[railway] then
       way.mode = mode_train
      -- railways
     if access and access_tag_whitelist[access] then
       way.speed = railway_speeds[railway]
+      way.backward_speed = railway_speeds[railway]
       way.direction = Way.bidirectional
     end
   elseif amenity and amenity_speeds[amenity] then
     -- parking areas
     way.speed = amenity_speeds[amenity]
+    way.backward_speed = amenity_speeds[amenity]
   elseif bicycle_speeds[highway] then
     -- regular ways
     way.speed = bicycle_speeds[highway]
+    way.backward_speed = bicycle_speeds[highway]
   elseif access and access_tag_whitelist[access] then
     -- unknown way, but valid access tag
     way.speed = default_speed
+    way.backward_speed = default_speed
   else
     -- biking not allowed, maybe we can push our bike?
     -- essentially requires pedestrian profiling, for example foot=no mean we can't push a bike
-    -- TODO: if we can push, the way should be marked as pedestrion mode, but there's no way to do it yet from lua..
-    if foot ~= 'no' then
+    if foot ~= 'no' and junction ~= "roundabout" then
       if pedestrian_speeds[highway] then
         -- pedestrian-only ways and areas
         way.speed = pedestrian_speeds[highway]
         way.mode = mode_pushing
+        way.backward_mode = mode_pushing
       elseif man_made and man_made_speeds[man_made] then
         -- man made structures
         way.speed = man_made_speeds[man_made]
         way.mode = mode_pushing
+        way.backward_mode = mode_pushing
       elseif foot == 'yes' then
         way.speed = walking_speed
         way.mode = mode_pushing
+        way.backward_mode = mode_pushing
+      elseif foot_forward == 'yes' then
+        way.speed = walking_speed
+        way.mode = mode_pushing
+        way.backward_mode = 0
+      elseif foot_backward == 'yes' then
+        way.speed = walking_speed
+        way.mode = 0
+        way.backward_mode = mode_pushing
       end
     end
   end
 
   -- direction
-  way.direction = Way.bidirectional
   local impliedOneway = false
   if junction == "roundabout" or highway == "motorway_link" or highway == "motorway" then
-    way.direction = Way.oneway
     impliedOneway = true
   end
 
   if onewayClass == "yes" or onewayClass == "1" or onewayClass == "true" then
-    way.direction = Way.oneway
+    way.backward_mode = 0
   elseif onewayClass == "no" or onewayClass == "0" or onewayClass == "false" then
-    way.direction = Way.bidirectional
+    -- prevent implied oneway
   elseif onewayClass == "-1" then
-    way.direction = Way.opposite
+    way.mode = 0
   elseif oneway == "no" or oneway == "0" or oneway == "false" then
-    way.direction = Way.bidirectional
+    -- prevent implied oneway
   elseif cycleway and string.find(cycleway, "opposite") == 1 then
     if impliedOneway then
-      way.direction = Way.opposite
-    else
-      way.direction = Way.bidirectional
+      way.mode = 0
+      way.backward_mode = mode_normal
     end
   elseif cycleway_left and cycleway_tags[cycleway_left] and cycleway_right and cycleway_tags[cycleway_right] then
-    way.direction = Way.bidirectional
+    -- prevent implied
   elseif cycleway_left and cycleway_tags[cycleway_left] then
     if impliedOneway then
-      way.direction = Way.opposite
-    else
-      way.direction = Way.bidirectional
+      way.mode = 0
+      way.backward_mode = mode_normal
     end
   elseif cycleway_right and cycleway_tags[cycleway_right] then
     if impliedOneway then
-      way.direction = Way.oneway
-    else
-      way.direction = Way.bidirectional
+      way.mode = mode_normal
+      way.backward_mode = 0
     end
   elseif oneway == "-1" then
-    way.direction = Way.opposite
-  elseif oneway == "yes" or oneway == "1" or oneway == "true" then
-    way.direction = Way.oneway
+    way.mode = 0
+  elseif oneway == "yes" or oneway == "1" or oneway == "true" or impliedOneway then
+    way.backward_mode = 0
   end
-
+  
   -- pushing bikes
   if bicycle_speeds[highway] or pedestrian_speeds[highway] then
-    if foot ~= 'no' then
-      if junction ~= "roundabout" then
-        if way.direction == Way.oneway then
-          way.backward_speed = walking_speed
-          way.mode = mode_pushing
-        elseif way.direction == Way.opposite then
-          way.backward_speed = walking_speed
-          way.speed = way.speed
-          way.mode = mode_pushing
-        end
+    if foot ~= "no" and junction ~= "roundabout" then
+      if way.backward_mode == 0 then
+        way.backward_speed = walking_speed
+        way.backward_mode = mode_pushing
+      elseif way.mode == 0 then
+        way.speed = walking_speed
+        way.mode = mode_pushing
       end
     end
-    if way.backward_speed == way.speed then
-      -- TODO: no way yet to mark a way as pedestrian mode if forward/backward speeds are equal
-      way.direction = Way.bidirectional
-    end
   end
 
   -- cycleways
@@ -341,6 +348,14 @@ function way_function (way)
     way.speed = bicycle_speeds["cycleway"]
   end
 
+  -- dismount
+  if bicycle == "dismount" then
+    way.mode = mode_pushing
+    way.backward_mode = mode_pushing
+    way.speed = walking_speed
+    way.backward_speed = walking_speed
+  end
+
   -- surfaces
   if surface then
     surface_speed = surface_speeds[surface]
@@ -355,12 +370,8 @@ function way_function (way)
   end
 
   -- maxspeed
-  -- TODO: maxspeed of backward direction
-  if take_minimum_of_speeds then
-    if maxspeed and maxspeed>0 then
-      way.speed = math.min(way.speed, maxspeed)
-    end
-  end
+  MaxSpeed.limit( way, maxspeed, maxspeed_forward, maxspeed_backward )
+
 
   -- Override speed settings if explicit forward/backward maxspeeds are given
   if way.speed > 0 and maxspeed_forward ~= nil and maxspeed_forward > 0 then
diff --git a/profiles/lib/maxspeed.lua b/profiles/lib/maxspeed.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a99399b1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/profiles/lib/maxspeed.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+local math = math
+
+module "MaxSpeed"
+
+function limit(way,max,maxf,maxb)
+  if maxf and maxf>0 then
+    way.speed = math.min(way.speed, maxf)
+  elseif max and max>0 then
+    way.speed = math.min(way.speed, max)
+  end
+
+  if maxb and maxb>0 then
+    way.backward_speed = math.min(way.backward_speed, maxb)
+  elseif max and max>0 then
+    way.backward_speed = math.min(way.backward_speed, max)
+  end
+end